Tuesday, April 3, 2007

The Seven Most Traded Currencies in FOREX.

Currencies are traded in dollar amounts called “lots”. One lot is equal to $1,000, which controls $100,000 in currency. This is what is known as the "margin". You can control $100,000 worth of currency for only 1,000 dollars. This is what is called “High Leverage”.

Currencies are always traded in pairs in the FOREX. The pairs have a unique notation that expresses what currencies are being traded. The symbol for a currency pair will always be in the form ABC/DEF. ABC/DEF is not a real currency pair, it is an example of a symbol for a currency pair. In this example ABC is the symbol for one countries currency and DEF is the symbol for another countries currency.

Here are some of the common symbols used in the Forex:

USD - The US Dollar
EUR - The currency of the European Union "EURO"
GBP - The British Pound
JPN - The Japanese Yen
CHF - The Swiss Franc
AUD - The Australian Dollar
CAD - The Canadian Dollar

There are symbols for other currencies as well, but these are the most commonly traded ones.

A currency can never be traded by itself. So you can not ever trade a EUR by itself. You always need to compare one currency with another currency to make a trade possible.

Some of the common PAIRS are:

EUR/USD Euro / US Dollar
"Euro"

USD/JPY US Dollar / Japanese Yen
"Dollar Yen"

GBP/USD British Pound / US Dollar
"Cable"

USD/CAD US Dollar / Canadian Dollar
"Dollar Canada"

AUD/USD Australian Dollar/US Dollar
"Aussie Dollar"

USD/CHF US Dollar / Swiss Franc
"Swissy"

EUR/JPY Euro / Japanese Yen
"Euro Yen"

The listed currency pairs above look like a fraction. The numerator (top of the fraction or "left" of the / however you want to SEE it) is called the base currency. The denominator (bottom of the fraction or "right" of the /however you want to SEE it) is called the counter currency. When you place an order to buy the EUR/USD, for instance, you are actually buying the EUR and selling the USD. If you were to sell the pair, you would be selling the EUR and buying the USD. So if you buy or sell a currency PAIR, you are buying/selling the base currency. You are always doing the opposite of what you did with to base currency with the counter currency.

If this seems confusing then you're in luck. You can always get by with just thinking of the entire pair as one item. Then you are just buying or selling that one item. Thinking like this will still enable you to place trades. You only need to be aware of the base/counter concept for Fundamental Analysis issues.

So why is it important to know about the base/counter currency? The base/counter currency concept illustrates what is actually taking place in a Forex transaction. Some of you reading this, know that short-selling was restricted in the stock market *(Short-selling is where you sell a stock/currency/option/commodity first and then try to buy it back at a lower price later). But in the FOREX you are always buying one currency (base) and selling another (counter). If you sell the pair you are simply flipping which one you buy and which one you sell. The transaction is essentially the same. This allows you to short-sell with no restrictions.

You want to be able to short-sell with no restrictions so you can make money when the market drops as well as when it rises. The problem with traditional stock market trading is that the market has to go up for you to make money. With FOREX trading you can make money in all directions.

By Omar Vargas

Factors Influencing a Currency Pair Exchange Rate

Introduction

The exchange rate refers to the value of the US dollar against the values of currencies of other countries. Such a rate helps determine how much we pay for imported goods and services and how much we receive for what we export, among other things. When the value of the US dollar drops, imports become more expensive, and we tend to reduce the volume of our imports. Simultaneously, other countries will pay LESS for some of our products and that will tend to boost export sales. If imports and exports are a substantial part of a country's economy, as is the case with Canada, the exchange rate plays a particularly important role in our economy. The exchange rate between two countries' currencies is particularly important if the two countries are heavily involved in trade.

What factors affect an exchange rate?

A country's exchange rate is typically affected by the supply and demand for that country's currency in international exchange markets. This is typically known as a floating exchange rate. If demand, for say dollars, exceeds supply, then the value of the dollar will go up. If however, the supply of dollars exceeds demand, then its value will go down. A huge amount of money is bought and sold on international exchange markets for many different currencies.

Several factors influence the supply of, and demand for, a given country's currency.

If INTEREST rates are HIGHER in, say, the US than in other countries, then investors WILL choose to invest in the US, increasing demand for the dollar, provided that the expected rate of inflation is not higher in the US than among our trading partners. If INTEREST rates are LOWER in the US than in other countries, investors will choose NOT to invest in the US, decreasing demand for the dollar.

If the US INFLATION rate is HIGHER, investors are LESS likely to prefer the US -even with higher interest rates- because of the expectation that the value of the dollar will be ERODED by inflation. If our INFLATION rate is LOWER, investors are MORE likely to prefer the US, because there will be NO expectation that the value of the dollar will erode.

Trade balance also has an effect on a country's currency. If world prices for what a country exports rise in comparison with the cost of that country's imports, that country will be earning more for its exports than it pays for its imports. The more demand there will be for that country's currency, the better the deal becomes. If investors are confident that the US economy will be strong, they will be MORE likely to buy American assets, pushing UP the dollar's value. If investors are not so confident that the economy will be strong, they will be LESS likely to buy the country's assets, pushing the dollar's value DOWN.

By Joshua Kunken

What are Your Options Regarding Forex Options Brokers?

Forex option brokers can generally be divided into two separate categories: forex brokers who offer online forex option trading platforms and forex brokers who only broker forex option trading via telephone trades placed through a dealing/brokerage desk. A few forex option brokers offer both online forex option trading as well a dealing/brokerage desk for investors who prefer to place orders through a live forex option broker.

The trading account minimums required by different forex option brokers vary from a few thousand dollars to over fifty thousand dollars. Also, forex option brokers may require investors to trade forex options contracts having minimum notional values (contract sizes) up to $500,000. Last, but not least, certain types of forex option contracts can be entered into and exited at any time while other types of forex option contracts lock you in until expiration or settlement. Depending on the type of forex option contract you enter into, you might get stuck the wrong way with an option contract that you can not trade out of. Before trading, investors should inquire with their forex option brokers about initial trading account minimums, required contract size minimums and contract liquidity.

There are a number of different forex option trading products offered to investors by forex option brokers. We believe it is extremely important for investors to understand the distinctly different risk characteristics of each of the forex option trading products mentioned below that are offered by firms that broker forex options.

Plain Vanilla Forex Options Broker - Plain vanilla options generally refer to standard put and call option contracts traded through an exchange (however, in the case of forex option trading, plain vanilla options would refer to the standard, generic option contracts that are traded through an over-the-counter (OTC) forex dealer or clearinghouse). In simplest terms, vanilla forex options would be defined as the buying or selling of a standard forex call option contract or forex put option contract.

There are only a few forex option broker/dealers who offer plain vanilla forex options online with real-time streaming quotes 24 hours a day. Most forex option brokers and banks only broker forex options via telephone. Vanilla forex options for major currencies have good liquidity and you can easily enter the market long or short, or exit the market any time day or night.

Vanilla forex option contracts can be used in combination with each other and/or with spot forex contracts to form a basic strategy such as writing a covered call, or much more complex forex trading strategies such as butterflies, strangles, ratio spreads, synthetics, etc. Also, plain vanilla options are often the basis of forex option trading strategies known as exotic options.

Exotic Forex Options Broker - First, it is important to note that there a couple of different forex definitions for "exotic" and we don't want anyone getting confused. The first definition of a forex "exotic" refers to any individual currency that is less broadly traded than the major currencies. The second forex definition for "exotic" is the one we refer to on this website - a forex option contract (trading strategy) that is a derivative of a standard vanilla forex option contract.

To understand what makes an exotic forex option "exotic," you must first understand what makes a forex option "non-vanilla." Plain vanilla forex options have a definitive expiration structure, payout structure and payout amount. Exotic forex option contracts may have a change in one or all of the above features of a vanilla forex option. It is important to note that exotic options, since they are often tailored to a specific's investor's needs by an exotic forex options broker, are generally not very liquid, if at all.

Exotic forex options are generally traded by commercial and institutional investors rather than retail forex traders, so we won't spend too much time covering exotic forex options brokers. Examples of exotic forex options would include Asian options (average price options or "APO's"), barrier options (payout depends on whether or not the underlying reaches a certain price level or not), baskets (payout depends on more than one currency or a "basket" of currencies), binary options (the payout is cash-or-nothing if underlying does not reach strike price), lookback options (payout is based on maximum or minimum price reached during life of the contract), compound options (options on options with multiple strikes and exercise dates), spread options, chooser options, packages and so on. Exotic options can be tailored to a specific trader's needs, therefore, exotic options contract types change and evolve over time to suit those ever-changing needs.

Since exotic forex options contracts are usually specifically tailored to an individual investor, most of the exotic options business in transacted over the telephone through forex option brokers. There are, however, a handful of forex option brokers who offer "if touched" forex options or "single payment" forex options contracts online whereby an investor can specify an amount he or she is willing to risk in exchange for a specified payout amount if the underlying price reaches a certain strike price (price level). These transactions offered by legitimate online forex brokers can be considered a type of "exotic" option. However, we have noticed that the premiums charged for these types of contracts can be higher than plain vanilla option contracts with similar strike prices and you can not sell out of the option position once you have purchased this type of option - you can only attempt to offset the position with a separate risk management strategy. As a trade-off for getting to choose the dollar amount you want to risk and the payout you wish to receive, you pay a premium and sacrifice liquidity. We would encourage investors to compare premiums before investing in these kinds of options and also make sure the brokerage firm is reputable.

Again, it is fairly easy and liquid to enter into an exotic forex option contract but it is important to note that depending on the type of exotic option contract, there may be little to no liquidity at all if you wanted to exit the position.

Firms Offering Forex Option "Betting" - A number of new firms have popped up over the last year offering forex "betting." Though some may be legitimate, a number of these firms are either off-shore entities or located in some other remote location. We generally do not consider these to be forex brokerage firms. Many do not appear to be regulated by any government agency and we strongly suggest investors perform due diligence before investing with any forex betting firms. Invest at your own risk with these firms.

By John Nobile

The Forex Trader Does Not Need To Be Right But He Has To Be Objective

One of the hardest lessons for any novice Forex trader to learn is that in the foreign exchange market anything can happen at any time. Because new traders spend a great deal of time learning about the mechanics of the market and focusing their attention on finding a method for predicting movements in the market, it is only natural that they also come to believe that there is a strict set of rules that govern the direction of the market at any given moment in time. Unfortunately, this is not the case and this fact catches many traders out.

Most Forex traders will use a variety of tools to judge when the moment is right to open a position and then later to close out that position, but the majority of traders will also tend to have one tool in particular which is their favorite and which they tend to rely on more than anything else. Having opened a position therefore they will tend to keep their eye on their favorite indicator and base their decisions largely on what this one indicator is telling them.

The problem comes when this indicator is telling them one thing but the other indicators start to tell them something else. They are in an open position and their favorite indicator is telling them to hold that position, but everything else is telling them to close out their position and to get out of the market. In most cases the trader will hold his ground and, more often than not, will find himself in a losing trade.

The problem here is that the trader is not viewing the market objectively but has created an expectation about the market in his own mind and is using his favorite indicator to reinforce this expectation, rather than standing back and viewing the wider picture from the information which he is receiving. In most cases he is also being urged on by the thought that he must be right, and by the profit available from this trade according to his favorite forecasting tool, and is looking at the money rather than at the market.

The foreign exchange market is by its very nature unpredictable and, if this were not the case, the market would soon collapse as we would all be making a profit on every trade we make. There are of course a raft of tools available to help us to predict the course of the market and thankfully most of the time they do a pretty good job, but sometimes even the best of tools in the hands of the most experienced traders are going to come up against an unexpected change in the direction of the market.

Getting it wrong is part and parcel of Forex trading and traders must learn to accept this as a fact of foreign currency trading. More than this however traders must learn to guard against getting themselves into a position of being proved right or wrong and this means accepting that the market has a will of its own and that the only way to trade successfully is to be totally objective about the market and to follow movements in the market rather than try to get the market go where you think it should go.

By Donald Sounders

WD Gann - Time and Price Analysis In Forex Trading

One of the earliest masters of time-price analysis in trading was the legendary trader WD Gann.

I started off my trading career in stocks and shares and it was when I discovered the world of trading commodities and futures that I heard of WD Gann.

The most important teaching of WD Gann that I personally learnt came from his famous statement:

"When time and price is squared ( or meet ), change is inevitable"

I have found this to be true in many, many cases...too many to enumerate, and this occurs across all freely traded markets in the world, irregardless of whether it is stocks and shares, forex, commodities and futures or e-currencies.

With time-price analysis, it is possible for you to compute the time day for a possible change in trend, and to forecast the possible price - once both the time and price "meet" accordingly, a turning point is forecasted.

In forex trading, specific variations of time-price analysis is used by many of the forex traders who are making good money in their trades. One specific variation is the use of PRICE-ACTION analysis, where you do not need any indicators, but by studying the price action of the currency pair you are trading, you are able to take IMMEDIATE action on your trade.

How can price action help you?

1. There is no battery of confusing indicators that you need to study to take any trading action- only price is involved- so you can quickly KNOW what trading action to take.

2. Every trading signal is CLEAR, and without doubt- no maybe it will go this way or that way, so there is no wondering whether you should be in the market or not.

3. Can be applied as long as there is a price chart- so no expensive trading software required

4. Can be applied across all time frames - it is easy to maintain price charts across several time frames.

5. Know the exact projected price levels to trade off- so you can very often get very near to the lows and sell very near to the tops, taking the sweetest part of the moves.

In the world of trading, what we need is really clear cut trading signals that can tell us the turning points of the trades...and price action analysis helps us do just that.

So if you are trading forex, knowing when time and price meets for the projected change in trend in accordance to WD Gann teachings will help you in a great way to pinpoint turning points in the forex market. The use of price-action analysis has proven to be useful to many forex traders and it can help you too.

By Peter Lim

Forex Trading And Its Tactics

Trading the Online Forex market has many advantages over other fiscal markets, among the most significant are: better liquidity, 24hrs online market, superior execution, and many others. Traders and investor see the Forex market as a fresh speculation or expanding chances because of above mentioned benefits. Does this mean that it is quite simple to earn money trading the Forex Market? Not at all…!

The précising the forex market incoming/quitting time all based on technological an analysis that is specific for very short-term life of such forex analyses. It is resolute by days, hours, and some times even by minutes, but not by weeks or months. In all the above cases, the same technological tools are used. Having successful forex trading system carries the following tactics.

Tactics for Price Breaks

There are three different trader’s actions at price breaks:

To take a place in advance, predicting the break;
To open a place when the break is actually in progress;
To wait for the predictable rollback after break

When you work with several lots, you as a trader could open one position at every of the three stages. One could open a small place before the predicted break, and then purchase some more straight away after the break, and then lastly open extra place at an unimportant price fall during correction, which follows the break. If one trades with small place, two questions would have force on one's decisions first of all.

Gaps - Price gaps that are created on bar charts could also be used to select a proper flash to open or close forex trading positions. For example, gaps created during price development frequently become support levels. That is why, at a forex up-trend, it is sensible to open extended positions when prices actually fall to the upper border of the gap or even sometimes a bit below it. A stop order could even be placed below the gap. At a down-trend, an open place needs to be opened when prices arrive at the lower border of the gap or even at bit above it. The defensive stop order is placed above the gap, in this above case.

Averaging - Averaging is a forex trading strategy used when one has made an error or simply made a trade (the first thing that comes to one's mind) and the price has moved beside, and one makes a fresh forex operation of the same kind but at a more money-making price. The most significant drawback of averaging is that one cannot know to what price the market would go beside the trader.

The averaging looks for investing a double amount of money when compared to that invested before. Trading productively is no simple task; it is a procedure and could take years to attain the preferred results. There are a few things though every forex trader needs to take in thought that could go faster the process: having a trading system, using money management, education, being conscious of psychological things, discipline to follow your forex trading system and your forex trading plan, and others.

By Tamil Selvi